INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

We will therefore turn our attention now to the Industrial Revolution, which is one of the most important developments in human history. Like, think of me as 1820. I got this idea from economist Robert Gordon by the way. She lives in England. He probably works in agriculture. When you enter the city, you pull your cart, or if you are lucky you have a horse. You have no water or electricity. When you wash a few of your clothes, you wash them by hand. He cooks fire. You do not think of time only in minutes and hours, but especially in relationships with the solar cycles - how close it is at night, or in the morning, or in the middle of winter.suppose  your life in 1820 is almost the same as the life of the people in 1720, or 1520, or in that 1220 story. That is not to say that life has not changed over the centuries - as we have seen in this series, lots have changed - but as Gregory Clark noted, in terms of living standards, Europeans in the 1800s lived a life similar to that of the Nandrathals.

Now you supposed that you close your eyes in 1820 and wake up in 1920. Currently, most people in England no longer work in agriculture. They can work in shops, or in transportation, or in mines, in workshops, or in industries. They measure time in minutes. Cars are there. Some people have radios, which transmit information in a small way. Few people have refrigerators, which greatly reduce food spoilage and the risk of foodborne illness. Occasionally you can even see an airplane flying in the sky. Oh, and again, your country has just emerged from a surprisingly deadly war fought with deadly weapons such as chlorine gas, weapons that the people of 1820 never imagined. Welcome to the Industrial Revolution. [Intro] In this series, we have already talked about the agricultural reforms that have increased European production and the changes in the growing human trade in big cities and towns rather than each family producing everything they need.

And these strengths are combined to help create more labor diversity: for example, farmers can focus on agriculture, and textile workers can focus on textile construction, which works better than getting each family to do all the work. So starts with the eighteenth century, when the  European industrial production is said to have begin. Europeans were growing up after hundreds of years of endless wars, plagues, and the worst ice age. Meanwhile, products such as coffee, tea, and chocolate made from hot water killed bacteria, while imported products increased and varied in the nutrients, corn and potatoes, for example, more calories per hectare than wheat. In short, lives were growing and people were rising. This means that on average people had more time to read, immerse, and try. Many different artists are making small improvements to existing devices. Perhaps John Kay’s most famous shuttle has increased the speed and production of weaving. The weavers then needed a large amount of yarn. So the tinkerers made that happen by producing things like spinning jenny, made about 1764 by the artist James Hargreaves.

Spinning jenny had a machine used by individual women working at the home. And it allowed man, using only the power of his hand, to feed not just one bobbin of string, but up to 120 at a time. In England, Ellen Hacking and her husband, John made the cardboard machines for making cotton threads and the spinning wool. About the same time, Richard Arkwright and his associates developed a water-based system, another type of hydraulic spinner. And when spinning machines can be connected to a central power source such as water, many can be installed in one building. Thus, the world's first industries came under pressure to increase the production of English textiles in global and domestic markets. Did the world center just open up? Is there one of my Polo shirts there? This costs about $ 41. Twice a year I go to a Polo store in Southern Indiana and just buy a lot of these things as they will sell them to me. And look, I'm not here to advertise Polo shirts, but this thing is incredibly comfortable, and, again, like some color dye. All of this was completely unthinkable at the beginning of the nineteenth century

actually, you know what? Soft to the touch, I think I'll put it on. That's weird. Really! I feel like I’m a bad person in an 80s movie. What do I look like, Stan ?. That's all the temptation, now we're back to the show. Let's talk about clay. Another alcoholic was an alchemist named Johann Friedrich Böttger, who promised the king of Saxony how to make porcelain. Clay was so popular that rich people could afford it and even those with very little could try to buy a piece or two - a cup or a plate - as we see in the  many Dutch, 

and  French, and other paintings. There are two things you see most in European paintings of rich people or those who wish to get rich: porcelain and pineapple, which were also rare and expensive and difficult to produce at home. The clay also worked, for the Europeans did not know how to make heat-resistant dishwares. Böttger was thus arrested about 1708 when he learned how to make clay, though not as Chinese or Japanese.

What we are trying to find here is that while people loved the beautiful story of the designer and their creation, the Industrial Revolution was the story of many people working together, making a series of continuous developments, rather than, the wisdom from above created amazing things. People's true wisdom is cooperation, as well as exploration. For example, industrial spies have helped with every development because some regions are more advanced than Europe in production, for example, fast dye color and dishware that can withstand heat, fine twist and twist, or metal. Arkwright, for example, often copied designs from imported fabrics. And it was those cotton fabrics that captured the imagination of consumers and filled the packages, first for all importers from India and China, and then for the bold manufacturers who copied lightweight, colorful, and washable cotton fabrics. But the production of industrial cotton was really dangerous - the level of business failure during the Revolution was more than 50 percent. As a result, inspectors have worked to keep staff costs as low as possible.

One approach was to use unpaid orphans from government, religious institutions, or charities. At a time when people do not know much about generators and their dangers, industrial accidents happen all the time, and children are often the victims. Children worked long hours and death was common. Little Mary Richards was caught with a gun and the six- and seven-year-old orphans working near her saw the expression "bones of arms, legs, thighs, etc ... respectively ... blood is dumped like water in a huge tower." Understanding the level of industrial oppression, including child labor, labor they have lost arms, eyes, breasts and fingers or are paralyzed in some way. Slaves also produce hot plants, such as sugar, tobacco, and coffee, which boost energy for many types of workers.

Slaves also provided palm oil and other tropical oils for storage of machinery and industrial equipment, especially cotton. It is important to understand that the industry arose as a result of low labor and child labor, and also for women, who were paid less than men. Over time, more and more people start working in industrial areas, or in the economic sectors that support the industry as a result of engine construction. In 1776, English inventor James Watt introduced a steam engine that improved earlier models. Now as far back as Rome in Egypt and Ottoman Egypt and China, people knew about wind turbines, but Watt's engine worked very well, making it useful in converting animal and water energy, not only to mining but also to powering textile factories, and then to other machines. For thousands of years, almost all human energy has been concentrated on our muscles. Then we used the energy of the animals, finally the energy of the air and the water. But steam power has not completely changed the amount of work it does for people, and it has also changed the way covered and unmarked ships are built to make trains and trains and eventually cars. And the train has created another kind of need: as urban migration rises to the railway stations, small and large railway stations are built and all the other facilities to build first and second railway workers.