nervous system. It controls EVERYTHING! All your organs, all your physical and mental functions, and even some of your major body control muscles, the endocrine system, bow down before the nervous system. anatomy and organization, how they communicate, and what happens when they are injured. This is mechanical control, people! Although all the most beautiful animals - except the simplest ones as sponges - have a nervous system, our very nature is almost completely different from our species. From writing novels, to talking over time, to juggling knives - all your thoughts, actions, and emotions can be boiled down to three main functions - sensory input, integration, and motor output. Imagine a spider crawling on an empty knee. The sensory receptors on your skin detect those eight tiny legs - that information is your nerve implant. From there your nervous system processes that implant, and decides what to do with it. That’s called integration - like, I have to be Zen for everything and just let it go over me, or shouldn’t I feel confused and run around shouting, “SPIDER!”? Your hand is pulling to get the spider, and perhaps the banshee that accompanies it, is a car crash - a response that occurs when your nervous system activates certain parts of your body.
As you can imagine, it takes a highly integrated system to discover, process, and process data like this, all the time. And when we talk about the nervous system, we are really talking about several levels of organization, starting with two main parts: the central and peripheral nervous system. The central nervous system is your brain and spinal cord - the center of control. That's what decided you to get rid of the spider, and you gave the command in your hand. Your peripheral system is made up of all the nerves from the brain and spinal cord that allow your central nervous system to communicate with the rest of your body. And since its function is communication, your peripheral system is set to work on both sides: The sensor, or afferent division is the one that picks up sensory nerves - such as, “hey, there is an arachnid in you” - and throws that information. in the brain. Your motor, or efferent division is the part that sends directions from your brain to the muscles and glands - such as, "hey part of the hand, how 'to do something with that spider." The motor division includes the somatic, or voluntary nervous system, which controls your skeletal muscle movement, as well as the autonomic, or autonomic, nervous system, which keeps your heart beating, your lungs, and your stomach moving. And finally, that independent system, too, has its own parallel power. Its sympathetic separation unites the body in action and causes the whole fire, such as “Gah! SCEN! ” - while the parasympathetic class relaxed and spoke softly ... Like, "she was not a black widow or anything; all right, breathe!" So that's the organization of your nervous system in a nutshell.
But no matter what part you are talking about, they are all made up mainly of nervous tissue, which you will remember is full of cells. Probably less than 20 percent of that tissue has an area outside the cells. Everything else? Cells. The type of cells in which you may have felt neurons, or nerve cells, respond to stimuli and transmit signals. These cells get all the spread - they are the ones we always thank every time we do an experiment or think of an immediate return from a conflict. But these smart guys take up only a small portion of your nerve tissue because they are surrounded and protected by gaggles of neuroglia, or glial cells. Looking at just the scaffold or glue that holds neurons together, we now know that our different types of glial cells perform many other important functions, and they make up about half of your brain weight, surpassing their neuron counterparts by about 10 to 1. Star-shaped astrocytes are found in your central nervous system and are the most abundant and diverse glial cells. They strengthen the neurons in the blood supply, and regulate the exchange of substances between neurons and capillaries. And in your central nervous system are your microglial immune cells - they are small and look like thorns, and they serve as a major source of immunity to invading microorganisms in the brain and spinal cord.
Your ependymal cells make holes in your brain and spinal cord and create, extract, and circulate the cerebrospinal fluid that fills those pores and traps those organs. And finally the oligodendrocytes in your nervous system surround the neurons, producing a protective barrier called the myelin sheath. Now, beyond your peripheral nervous system, there are only two types of glial cells. Satellite cells act primarily on the peripheral system what astrocyte cells do in the central nervous system - circulate and support the body cells of neurons.
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